Um capítulo esquecido na história da psicologia? sexualidades desviantes, psicopatologia e normalidade / A forgotten chapter in the history of psychology? deviant sexualities, psychopathology, and normality / ¿Un capítulo olvidado en la historia de la psicología? sexualidades desviadas, psicopatología y normalidad

Este artigo tem como objetivo produzir uma análise histórica sobre as intersecções entre Psicologia e sexualidade desviantes da norma no Brasil, de fins do século XIX a meados da década de 1980. Esta temporalidade foi escolhida por abarcar o surgimento das pesquisas científicas sobre sexualidade e desvios sexuais, a consolidação dos estudos psicológicos sobre a temática e o processo mais recente de despatologização da homossexualidade. Em termos teóricos e metodológicos, foram adotados os pressupostos da História Social da Psicologia e da historiografia das homossexualidades no Brasil. Desse modo, buscou-se compreender como as ideias, concepções e práticas psicológicas foram mudando ao longo do tempo, em conexão com as transformações socioculturais e políticas que ocorreram durante o século XX. Para isto, foram utilizadas fontes primárias e secundárias de pesquisa com vistas à produção de interpretações sobre as conexões entre as ideias, os atores e os eventos narrados. Argumenta-se, ao longo do artigo, que as ideias e práticas psicológicas estão intrinsecamente conectadas aos contextos socioculturais e políticos de seu tempo, sendo os movimentos dinâmicos e os conflitos presentes nesses contextos fatores determinantes para a sua constituição.(AU)

This article aims to produce a historical analysis of the intersections between Psychology and sexualities that deviate from the norm in Brazil, from the late 19th century to the mid-1980s. This period was chosen because it encompasses the emergence of scientific research on sexuality and sexual deviations, the consolidation of psychological studies on the subject and the most recent process of de-pathologization of homosexuality. Theoretically and methodologically, the assumptions of the Social History of Psychology and the historiography of homosexualities in Brazil were adopted. Therefore, we sought to understand how psychological ideas, conceptions and practices have changed over time, in connection with the sociocultural and political transformations that occurred throughout the 20th century. For this, primary and secondary sources of research were used to produce interpretations about the connections between the ideas, the actors and the narrated events. It is argued, throughout the article, that the psychological ideas and practices are intrinsically connected to the sociocultural and political contexts of their time, being the dynamic movements and conflicts present in these contexts determining factors for their constitution.(AU)

Este artículo tiene como objetivo realizar un análisis histórico de las intersecciones entre la Psicología y las sexualidades desviadas de la norma en Brasil desde finales del siglo XIX hasta mediados de la década de 1980. Esta temporalidad fue elegida por abarcar el surgimiento de las investigaciones científicas sobre sexualidad y desvíos sexuales, la consolidación de los estudios psicológicos sobre el tema y el más reciente proceso de despatologización de la homosexualidad. En el marco teórico y metodológico, se adoptaron los presupuestos de la Historia Social de la Psicología y de la historiografía de las homosexualidades en Brasil. De esta manera, se pretende comprender cómo las ideas, concepciones y prácticas psicológicas han cambiado a lo largo del tiempo, en conexión con las transformaciones socioculturales y políticas ocurridas durante el siglo XX. Para ello, se utilizaron las fuentes de investigación primarias y secundarias con miras a generar interpretaciones sobre las conexiones entre las ideas, los actores y los eventos narrados. Se argumenta, a lo largo de este artículo, que las ideas y las prácticas psicológicas están intrínsecamente conectadas a los contextos socioculturales y políticos de su tiempo, y los movimientos dinámicos y los conflictos presentes en estos contextos fueron los factores determinantes para su constitución.(AU)

Spirituality and Religious Engagement, Community Involvement, Outness, and Family Support: Influence on LGBT+ Muslim Well-Being.

The current study utilized data from the Social Justice Sexuality Project to investigate influences on psychological well-being of LGBT+ Muslims (N = 75) in the United States. Specifically, path analyses were used to examine the association between spiritual and religious engagement, LGBT community involvement, outness, and family support with psychological well-being. Control variables included lifespan Islam involvement, age, income, and the age at which the participant came out to themselves. Findings illustrate spiritual and religious engagement, outness, and income were all positively related to psychological well-being. Moreover, individuals who had converted to Islam but were not raised in the faith had significantly lower psychological well-being than those who had a consistent experience with Islam from their childhood until the time of the study. The present investigation provides critical contributions to the study of gender and sexual minorities in the United States and the experiences of currently practicing LGBT+ Muslims and those who were raised Muslim. Clinical implications and future research suggestions are discussed.

An Exploration of the Relationship Between Spirituality, Religion and Mental Health Among Youth Who Identify as LGBT+: A Systematic Literature Review.

There is a growing interest in addressing spirituality in health care with evidence emerging that personal spiritual and religious practices, and support of these, can influence mental health in a positive way. However, there can be distinct challenges to spiritual expression and mental health issues for youth who identify as LGBT+. The goal of this paper was to undertake a systematic review of the available evidence to investigate the relationship between mental health, spirituality and religion as experienced by LGBT+ youth. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using medical and psychological databases that focused on spirituality, mental health and LGBT+ youth. The search yielded a total of ten articles published in English between May 2008 and June 2018. The key findings highlighted issues around discriminatory attitudes, shame related to disclosure, spirituality as a supportive resource, internalised conflict and external factors around sexual orientation concerns. The psychological, social and health implications are presented and discussed.

Severity of DSM-5 cannabis use disorders in a nationally representative sample of sexual minorities.

Background: Our study is the first using a national sample to examine the severity of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-5) cannabis use disorder (CUD) in sexual minorities. Drawing from current literature, we expected that bisexual individuals would have the highest prevalence of CUD and the most severe form of CUD. Methods: The National Epidemiological Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions-III (NESARC-III; 2012-2013) provides a nationally representative adult sample (N = 36,309), including one of the largest samples of sexual minorities. The NESARC-III is large enough to compare subpopulations of sexual minorities on dimensions of substance use disorder severity. Results: Lesbians and gay men were more likely to report mild CUD, whereas bisexuals and respondents "not sure" of their sexual identity were more likely to report severe CUD when compared with heterosexuals. Sexual minorities and heterosexuals who reported lifetime use of medical cannabis had higher odds of having a severe CUD. Sexual minorities had significantly higher odds of lifetime medical cannabis use (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.39, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.42-3.66, P < .001) when compared with heterosexuals, with bisexuals having the highest odds (AOR = 2.81, 95% CI = 1.66-4.75, P < .001). Conclusions: Sexual minorities have the highest odds compared with heterosexuals of developing any CUD. Moreover, the higher rates of severe CUD among bisexuals and those "not sure" have implications for drug prevention with these particularly high-risk groups. It appears that lifetime medical marijuana use may play a role in the development of CUD, although more rigorous measures of medical marijuana use are needed to determine the nature of the relations.

Fósseis do campo psi: sobre conversão de orientação sexual e gênero / Psy Fossils: on sexual orientation conversion and gender / Fósiles del campo psi: sobre conversión de la orientación sexual y del género

Neste escrito analisamos a atualidade das discussões sociais e políticas em torno das práticas de conversão de orientação sexual e de gênero. Propomos pensar os riscos que teorias e técnicas estruturantes do campo psi ­ Psicanálise, Psicologia e Psiquiatria ­ têm de serem capturadas por grupos sociais, políticos e religiosos que podem utilizá-las para legitimar e ampliar o poder e o alcance de suas proposições no tocante ao exercício da sexualidade e à identidade de gênero. Construímos a hipótese de que certos fósseis morais, religiosos e conceituais, que pertencem aos registros lógicos e históricos das teorias e discursividades constituintes do campo psi, acabam sendo registros privilegiados para tal captura de práticas e de sentido conceitual. Dentre estes fósseis, citamos as discussões sobre a natureza psicopatológica da homossexualidade e mesmo sobre a formação de psicanalistas homossexuais, o que provocou debates intensos até tempos bastante recentes...(AU)

In this paper we analyze the current social and political discussions around the practices of conversion of sexual orientation and gender. We propose to think about the risks that the theories and structuring techniques of the field of psychoanalysis, psychology and psychiatry involve if captured by social, political and religious groups that can use them to legitimize and broaden the power and scope of their propositions regarding exercise of sexuality and gender identity. We construct the hypothesis that certain moral, religious, and conceptual fossils, which belong to the logical and historical records of the constituent theories and discursivities of the psy field, end up being privileged records for such capture of practices and conceptual sense. Among these fossils, we cite the discussions about the psychopathological nature of homosexuality and even about the formation of homosexual psychoanalysts, which provoked intense debates until quite recent times.

En este artículo analizamos las discusiones sociales y políticas actuales sobre las prácticas de conversión de orientación sexual y de género. Proponemos pensar en los riesgos que tienen que capturar las teorías y técnicas de estructuración en el campo psi - psicoanálisis, psicología y psiquiatría por parte de grupos sociales, políticos y religiosos que pueden usarlas para legitimar y extender el poder y el alcance de sus proposiciones con respecto al ejercicio de sexualidad e identidad de género. Presumimos que ciertos fósiles morales, religiosos y conceptuales, que pertenecen a los registros lógicos e históricos de las teorías y discursividades que constituyen el campo psi, terminan siendo registros privilegiados para tal captura de prácticas y de significado conceptual. Entre estos fósiles, citamos discusiones sobre la naturaleza psicopatológica de la homosexualidad e incluso sobre la formación de psicoanalistas homosexuales, lo que ha provocado un intenso debate hasta tiempos muy recientes.

Homosexuality according to ancient Greek physicians.

Homosexuality and pedophilia in ancient Greece greatly concerned many researchers who were mainly interested in highlighting the social aspect of this phenomenon in ancient Greek society. An important source on the subject was the paintings of a man and his lover in attic black and red figured pottery, up to the end of the 5th century BC. Another main source was the information that derived from the texts of ancient Greek literature, especially poetry. Homosexuality was not only referring to relationships between males, but it was also manifested in lesbian love. It is believed that in the Homeric world homosexuality was not favored. In Greek society of the archaic period, the restriction of women at home, the satisfaction of sexual needs with courtesans, the marriage for the purpose of maintaining and managing the property, put women aside, marginalizing them in terms of social life, impeding the cultivation of emotional relationships between sexes. At the same time, in the society of those times, the aristocratic ideal, the constant communication of men during military training and the war, the male nudity in sports and the promotion of beauty and bravery in athletic contests, as well as the gatherings and the entertainment of men at the symposia, created a suitable substrate in which male homosexuality could develop. In this context, pedophile relationships were developed mainly during the archaic period, as recorded on vase paintings, where a mature man developed a special relationship with a teenager of the same social class. The mature man had the role of mentor for the juvenile, he would look after him and cover his living expenses and education cost. In this relationship, exhibiting predominantly the social dimension of an initiation process and introduction to adult life, the erotic homosexual intercourse could find a place to flourish. The above-mentioned relationship could not last forever, given that this would later transform into an emotional connection of friendship and trust. Besides, the constant homosexual relationships and male prostitution were considered to be reprehensible behaviors. Regarding the lesbian love, the main example was Sappho and her poems that praised love between women. Nevertheless, the relationship with the girls in the poems is considered to be similar to that Socrates had with his students, an intense personal relationship which would not involve sexual love and could probably be a platonic love. Ancient Greek physicians used their methodological tools in order to interpret homosexuality as a mental disease, but ancient medical dogmas such as the theory of humors, stereopathology and their variations could not offer an explanation for homosexuality.

Alternative Visions for Pastoral Work with LGBTQ Individuals, Families, and Communities: A Response.

Multiple theological perspectives provide frameworks for pastoral work with lesbian, gay, bisesxual and trans individuals, families, and communities. One model is offered by those who argue for celibacy or heterosexual marriages for those who self-identify as part of LGBTQ communities. This article names other theologically grounded perspectives with the goal of inviting practitioners to broaden their understandings and wrestle with the implications of their theological and ethical stances. When reflecting on the intersection of spirituality and sexuality, the meaning of theological terms such as sin, contributions from queer theologians and pastoral counselors, and the limitations of binary categories common in our theological history, this article encourages pastoral counselors and spiritual care providers to re-examine theological assumptions they bring to their work. The article ends with questions and opportunities for ongoing pastoral theological work and reflection.

How LGBT College Students Perceive and Engage the Campus Religious and Spiritual Climate.

The purpose of this study was to compare how students of diverse sexual orientations and gender identities perceive the campus religious and spiritual climate and engage in interfaith and spiritual activities during college. Using data from a national study of 13,776 students at 52 institutions that took part in the Campus Religious and Spiritual Climate Survey, results indicate significant variations in perceptions and engagement by sexual orientation and gender identity. In addition, worldview identity shapes the relationships between sexual orientation and gender identity and perceptions of and engagement on campus.

Relações entre religiosidade e homossexualidade em jovens adultos religiosos / Las relaciones entre la religión y la homosexualidad en los adultos jóvenes / Relations between religiousness and homosexuality in religious young adults

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo é conhecer de que modo a homossexualidade tem sido compreendida por jovens adultos homossexuais praticantes de diferentes religiões. Foram entrevistados 11 participantes de ambos os sexos, com idades entre 20 e 30 anos, praticantes das religiões católica, espírita e evangélica. Os participantes responderam a uma entrevista semiestruturada, analisada pelo modelo bioecológico. A maior parte dos participantes relata que sua religião considera a homossexualidade como um "pecado" ou "doença". Entretanto, todos discordam de visões negativas sobre a homossexualidade. A maior parte dos participantes afirma possuir um relacionamento positivo com a comunidade religiosa, sendo que poucos relataram situações de desconforto ou discriminação. Observa-se que os elementos microssistêmicos relacionados à comunidade religiosa que frequentam, como movimentos de aceitação, acolhimento ou restrições, parecem ser mais significativos para o desenvolvimento pessoal que o conjunto de crenças que compõem o macrossistema religioso.

Resumen El objetivo de este estudio es conocer cómo la homosexualidad ha sido entendida por adultos jóvenes homosexuales de distintas religiones. Once participantes de ambos sexos fueron entrevistados, con edades entre 20 y 30 años, practicantes de las religiones católica, protestante y espiritistas. Los participantes respondieron a una entrevista semiestructurada, analizada por el modelo bioecológico. La mayoría de los participantes reportan que su religión considera la homosexualidad como un "pecado" o "enfermedad". Sin embargo, todos discrepan de las opiniones negativas sobre la homosexualidad. La mayoría de los participantes afirma tener una relación positiva con la comunidad religiosa y pocos reportan situaciones de malestar o discriminación. Se observa que los elementos microsistémicos relacionados con la comunidad religiosa que participan, como movimientos de aceptación, acogida o restricciones parecen ser más significativos para el desarrollo personal que el conjunto de creencias que conforman el macrosistema religioso.

Abstract The aim of this study is to know how homosexuality has been understood by homosexual young adults from different religions. Eleven participants of both genders, aged between 20 and 30 years and practicing catholic, spiritualist or evangelical religions were interviewed. They answered to the semi-structured interview, analyzed by bioecological model. Most of the participants reported that their religion considers homosexuality as a "sin" or "disease". However, all of them disagree with negative views about homosexuality. Most of the participants claim to have a positive relationship with the religious community, and few reported cases of discomfort or discrimination. It is observed that the microsystem elements related to their religious community, such as movements of acceptance, welcoming or reserve, appear to be more significant for personal development than the set of beliefs that compose the religious macrosystem.

Access to health services by lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender persons: systematic literature review.

BACKGROUND: The relationship between users and health services is considered essential to strengthen the quality of care. However, the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender population suffer from prejudice and discrimination in access and use of these services. This study aimed to identify the difficulties associated with homosexuality in access and utilization of health services. METHOD: A systematic review conducted using PubMed, Cochrane, SciELO, and LILACS, considering the period from 2004 to 2014. The studies were evaluated according to predefined inclusion and exclusion criterias. Were included manuscripts written in English or Portuguese, articles examining the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender population's access to health services and original articles with full text available online. RESULTS: The electronic databases search resulted in 667 studies, of which 14 met all inclusion criteria. Quantitative articles were predominant, showing the country of United States of America to be the largest producer of research on the topic. The studies reveal that the homosexual population have difficulties of access to health services as a result of heteronormative attitudes imposed by health professionals. The discriminatory attendance implies in human rights violations in access to health services. CONCLUSIONS: The non-heterosexual orientation was a determinant factor in the difficulties of accessing health care. A lot must still be achieved to ensure access to health services for sexual minorities, through the adoption of holistic and welcoming attitudes. The results of this study highlight the need for larger discussions about the theme, through new research and debates, with the aim of enhancing professionals and services for the health care of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Persons.

Atención a la diversidad sexual y de género: un reto para las matronas / No disponible

No disponible

Terra de ninguém ou a terra de todo mundo?: a opoterapia como recomendação para o tratamento de homossexuais detidos no Laboratório de Antropologia Criminal do Rio de Janeiro (1931-1951) / Land of no one or the land of everyone ": opotherapy as a recommendation for the treatment of homosexuals detained in the Laboratory of Criminal Anthropology of Rio de Janeiro (1931-1951)

A investigação tratou das controvérsias em torno da opoterapia, terapêutica recomendada ao tratamento endocrinológico de pessoas homossexuais. Neste trabalho analisamos as prisões de 195 homossexuais, detidos, por volta de 1930, nas dependências do Laboratório de Antropologia Criminal, anexo ao Instituto de Identificação da Policia Civil do Rio de Janeiro. Tais presos, identificados como “pederastas passivos” foram colocados à disposição do médico legista Dr. Leonídio Ribeiro (1893-1976), então Diretor do Instituto, entre 1931 e 1946. Para a exploração do tema, abordamos as técnicas de identificação disponíveis, entre fins do século XIX e primeiras décadas do século XX, bem como procuramos entender a utilização de saberes biomédicos que subsidiaram diferentes mutações do olhar médico em relação aos corpos, conformando-os sob a perspectiva de teses biodeterministas, como a biotipologia, então em voga. Além destes, a obra de Leonídio – Homossexualismo e Endocrinologia (1938) – foi analisada numa perspectiva crítica, mormente quando colocada em contato com as querelas endereçadas à prática da opoterapia e da eugenia, companhando as principais diretrizes teóricas que alimentaram o debate em torno dos usos da endocrinologia para fins criminológicos. Através da busca de embates teóricos, nessas condições históricas, acompanhamos o fluxo das idéias do professor Thales Martins (1876 - 1979), no rol das discussões dos usos da opoterapia, por meio de seu tratado Glândulas Sexuais e Hipófise Anterior (1936) e artigos publicados nos Arquivos Brasileiros de Endocrinologia (1951), com fins de expor argumentos em conflito com os simpatizantes da endocriminologia. (AU)

Contested Boundaries: psychiatry, disease, and diagnosis.

Since the 19th century, we have come to think of disease in terms of specific entities--entities defined and legitimated in terms of characteristic somatic mechanisms. Since the last third of that century, we have expanded would-be disease categories to include an ever-broader variety of emotional pain, idiosyncrasy, and culturally unsettling behaviors. Psychiatry has been the residuary legatee of these developments, developments that have always been contested at the ever-shifting boundary between disease and deviance, feeling and symptom, the random and the determined, the stigmatized and the value-free. Even in our era of reductionist hopes, psychopharmaceutical practice, and corporate strategies, the legitimacy of many putative disease categories will remain contested. The use of the specific disease entity model will always be a reductionist means to achieve necessarily holistic ends, both in terms of cultural norms and the needs of suffering individuals. Bureaucratic rigidities and stakeholder conflicts structure and intensify such boundary conflicts, as do the interests and activism of an interested lay public.

All the pain along with all the joy: spiritual resilience in lesbian and gay Christians.

Resilience among lesbian and gay (LG) Christians has received limited attention. We present results from a qualitative study of 27 LG Christians, for whom religion had high salience. The study explored the process of integrating sexual orientation with spirituality. Moving from recognition of incongruence between faith and sexual orientation to integration was found to be a resilience-building process. Through descriptive and process approaches, we identified three primary pathways individuals used to integrate their faith and sexual orientation: transforming theological meaning; finding a safe-enough congregation; and finding an affirming congregation. Some worked for social justice within congregations as part of the resilience-building process. We discuss important decision points for LG Christians that included critical evaluation of extant and potential support systems, redefining scripture and tradition, and transforming communities. A model for LG Christian Spiritual Resilience is presented.

Motives and decisions for and against having children among nonheterosexuals and the impact of experiences of discrimination, internalized stigma, and social acceptance.

Same-sex parents are increasingly a topic of public discourse. A growing number of homosexuals openly speak about their desire to have children or are already living together in different family constellations. The current study examined the decisions for or against having children and the motivations behind those decisions among nonheterosexuals living in Germany. A sample of 1,283 nonheterosexuals participated by means of an online survey. As some nonheterosexual individuals do not identify themselves with a male or female gender identity, a third category, "gender different," was generated. Motives for (not) having children, perceptions of social acceptance, experiences of discrimination in relation to one's sexual orientation, and levels of internalized stigma were taken into account regarding their influence on the decision about parenthood. Most respondents (80%) reported that they did not have children. However, among this group, 43% stated that they had decided to have children later in their lives, 24% were undecided, and 11% had already decided against having children. The most important influences on the decision of whether to have children were respondents' age and their desire for emotional stabilization. Negative experiences as a result of sexual orientation and internalized stigma had no impact on the decisions regarding parenthood.

A holistic approach to addressing HIV infection disparities in gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men.

Gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (MSM) have been disproportionately affected by HIV and AIDS since the beginning of the epidemic in the United States and in many other parts of the world. The HIV epidemic is inextricably tied to other health problems that disproportionately affect gay, bisexual, and other MSM including psychological comorbidities, substance use, sexual victimization, stigmatization, and multiple forms of discrimination. These interrelated health problems and social issues can be characterized as a syndemic of mutually reinforcing conditions or epidemics. Moreover, the syndemic is directed by biological, behavioral, psychosocial, and structural determinants. Addressing HIV within the context of a larger syndemic will require a more holistic approach to HIV prevention and treatment that recognizes the interplay between biological, behavioral, psychosocial, and structural factors that affect the health and well-being of sexual minority men.